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Objective: To study the effect of Fengshi Qutong capsule on the migration, adhesion, invasion and tube formation of human synovial cells and the phosphorylation and protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2). Method: With human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) as the research object, low, middle and high-dose Fengshi Qutong capsule(0.02,0.1,0.5 μg·L-1) on HUVEC was determined by methye thiazolye telrazlium (MTT) colorimetric assay for the follow-up experiment. The transwell migration, adhesion and transwell invasion test were used to detect the migration and adhesion of the different concentrations of Fengshi Qutong capsule in HUVEC. The expression of VEGFR2 in HUVEC was detected by Western blot, and Real-time PCR was used to detect the content of VEGFR2 mRNA in cells. Result: Compared with normal group, the proliferation of HUVEC was significantly increased after 24 h and 48 h of VEGF induction (PPP-1 Fengshi Qutong capsule were administered in vitro for 48 h to inhibit HUVEC proliferation activity in a dose-dependent manner (PPPPConclusion: Fengshi Qutong capsule can inhibit the migration, adhesion, invasion and tube formation of HUVEC. This effect may be related to the inhibition of phosphorylation, and protein and mRNA expression level of VEGFR2.
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Objective:To observe the effect of Fengshi Qutong capsule (FSQTC) on protein kinase B(Akt) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Method:Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was induced in SD rats, and the synovial membranes of the knee joints were prepared after 19 days of oral administration of 0.25, 0.5, 1 g·kg-1 FSQTC. MH7A cells were induced by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, 20 μg·L-1) in vitro, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were induced by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). FSQTC (0.02, 0.1, 0.5 μg·L-1) were added to MH7A/HUVEC cells, and then the cells were collected. Proteins of synovial tissue, MH7A and HUVEC cells were extracted, and then were detected the expresstion of p-Akt, p-p38 MAPK, p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK) and p-Jun n-terminal kinase(JNK) by Western blot. Result:The expression levels of p-Akt, p-p38 MAPK, p-ERK and p-JNK in the synovial membrane of CIA model were significantly increased compared with normal group (P-1·d-1 FSQTC significantly decreased their expression levels (PPα or VEGF were increased (P-1 FSQTC (PPConclusion:FSQTC can down-regulate the abnormal activation of Akt and MAPK signaling pathways in the synovial membrane of CIA rats, fibroblast synovial cells and vascular endothelial cells, which is related to the inhibition of synovial angiogenesis in the treatment of RA.
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Objective: To study the effects of Fengshi Qutong capsule (FSQTC) on proliferation, migration, adhesion, invasion and secretion of human synovial cells in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) induced by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and explore its mechanism. Method: Human synovial cells (MH7A) in RA patients were induced in vitro by using TNF-α (20 μg·L-1). After treatment with different concentrations of FSQTC (0.02,0.1,0.5 μg·L-1), MTT colorimetric assay, transwell migration, adhesion and invasion tests were used to detect the proliferation, migration, adhesion and invasion of the MH7A, respectively. The expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in MH7A supernatant were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Result: As compared with blank control group, TNF-α (20 μg·L-1) significantly increased the proliferation, migration, adhesion, invasion and secretion of IL-1β and VEGF of MH7A cells (P-1) had no significant effect on proliferation of TNF-α-induced MH7A cells after treatment for 24 hours. After 48 hours of treatment, proliferation of MH7A cells induced by TNF-α was decreased in a concentration-dependent manner (PPPPConclusion: FSQTC can inhibit the proliferation, migration, adhesion, invasion and secretion of IL-1β and VEGF in MH7A cells.
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Objective:To observe the intervention effect of Fengshi Qutong capsule on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats. Method:SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, low, medium and high-dose Fengshi Qutong capsule groups (0.25, 0.5, 1 g·kg-1·d-1), and methotrexate group(0.2 mg·kg-1·d-1).Except for normal group, the other groups were immunized with type Ⅱ collagen and incomplete Freund's adjuvant to establish a CIA model. On the 1st day after the first immunization, the administration group was given intragastric administration, once a day, for 19 days; on the 8th day after the first immunization, the symptoms of joint swelling and malformation of the rats were observed, and the clinical scores and incidence of arthritis were evaluated. On the 19th day, micro-computed tomography and bone metrology were performed, and histopathological examination of inflammatory joints was performed,andsynovial inflammation,vasospasm, cartilage erosion and bone destruction by pathological severity scores, serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand(RANKL)were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Result:Fengshi Qutong capsule could improve the symptoms of inflammatory joint redness, swelling and deformity in CIA rats in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with normal group, clinical score and incidence, joint synovial inflammation, vasospasm, cartilage erosion and pathological score of bone destruction in joint group were significantly increased (PPPβ, TNF-α, VEGF, MMP-3 and RANKL in serum were increased (PPPPPPPβ, TNF-α, VEGF, MMP-3 and RANKL were significantly decreased (PPConclusion:Fengshi Qutong capsule can effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms and conditions of experimental rheumatoid arthritis in rats, reduce the incidence, and relieve the histopathology and imaging severity, while inhibiting the inflammatory cytokines.
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To observe the effect of Fengshi Qutong Capsules(FSQTC) on angiogenesis of rat aortarings and in knee joint synovium of type Ⅱ collagen-induced arthritis(CIA) rats. The blood vessel of aorta rings of normal SD rats were induced by vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) 20 μg·L~(-1 )in vitro, and were treated with FSQTC(0.02, 0.1 and 0.5 μg·L~(-1)) continuously for 9 days. The number, length and area of neovascularization of the vascular ring were measured. SD rats were immunized to establish collagen-induced arthritis. CIA rats were treated with FSQTC(0.25, 0.5, 1 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)) and methotrexate(0.2 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)) daily for 19 days. Histopathological examination(HE) was performed to observe the vascular morphology and vascular density in the synovial membrane of the inflamed joint. Immunohistochemistry was performed to observe the expression of platelets-endothelial cell adhesion molecule(CD31), VEGF and VEGF receptor 2(VEGFR_2)in the synovium. Immunofluorescence was performed to observe the expression of CD31 and α smooth muscle actin(αSMA) in synovial membrane.TGF-β, PDGF and VEGFR_2 in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The number, branch length and area of blood vessels of aorta rings were significantly increased induced by VEGF, and FSQTC could significantly reduce the number, branch length and area of blood vessels. Compared with the normal group, the vascular density, CD31 positive expression, CD31~+/αSMA~- immature and total vascular positive expression in the synovial membrane of the model group were significantly increased, and so as VEGF and VEGFR_2 in the synovium. The VEGFR_2, TGF-β and PDGF in sera were also significantly increased in model group. FSQTC reduced the synovial vascular density and inhibited the positive expression of CD31, CD31~+/αSMA~- immature blood vessels and total vascular. FSQTC has no significant effect on CD31~+/αSMA~+mature blood vessels. FSQTC also negatively inhibited the expression of VEGF, VEGFR_2, TGF-β and PDGF in synovial membrane and/or sera. The effect of methotrexate is similar with to the high dose group. Our results demonstrated that FSQTC could inhibit the angiogenesis of synovial tissue in CIA rats and of aortaring in rats, which is related to the reduction of angiogenesis regulatory factor.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Aorta , Arthritis, Experimental , Drug Therapy , Capsules , Collagen Type II , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Neovascularization, Pathologic , Drug Therapy , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Synovial Membrane , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor AABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the value of multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) and flow cytometric scoring system (FCSS) in the diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of childhood myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 42 children who were diagnosed with MDS. MFC was performed to investigate the phenotype and proportion of each lineage of bone marrow cells. The correlations of FCSS score with MDS type, International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) score, and revised IPSS (IPSS-R) score were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of all the 42 children, 20 (48%) had an increase in abnormal marrow blasts, 19 (45%) had a lymphoid/myeloid ratio of >1, 14 (33%) had abnormal cross-lineage expression of lymphoid antigens in myeloid cells, 8 (19%) had abnormal CD13/CD16 differentiation antigens, 5 (12%) had abnormal expression of CD56, 3 (7%) had reduced or increased side scatter of granulocytes, 3 (7%) had reduced expression of CD36 in nucleated red blood cells, 2 (5%) had reduced expression of CD71 in nucleated red blood cells, 1 (2%) had absent expression of CD33 in myeloid cells, 1 (2%) had reduced or absent expression of CD11b in granulocytes, and 1 (2%) had absent expression of CD56 and CD14 in monocytes. There were significant differences in the median overall survival time and event-free survival time among the low-, medium-, and high-risk FCSS groups (P<0.05). Among the low-, medium-, and high-risk FCSS groups, the low-risk FCSS group had the highest 2-year overall survival rate, while there was no significant difference between the medium- and high-risk FCSS groups (P>0.05). The three groups had a 2-year event-free survival rate of 95%, 60%, and 46% respectively (P<0.05). FCSS score was positively correlated with MDS type, IPSS score, and IPSS-R score (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>MFC and FCSS help with the diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of childhood MDS.</p>
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the HER22 expression in children with ETV6/RUNX1 (E/R)-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL) and to investigate the relationship between the HER2 expression and clinical features.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-seven newly diagnosed E/R-positive ALL children and 6 controls (4 cases of ITP and 2 healthy children) were selected in Institute of hematology and blood disease hospital. The 37 patients were divided into standard risk (SR), intermediate risk(IR), high risk(HR) groups according to risk stratification; and they were divided into relapse and non-relapse groups according to follow-up result. The CD10CD19 cells were sorted by flow cytometry. The mRNA was extracted from these cells. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression level of HER2.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 37 cases, 51.35% (n=19) were boys and 48.65% (n=18) were girls and their median age was 4.72 (1.72-11.99) years old. Among the 6 controls, 50% (n=3) were boys and 50% (n=3) were girls and the median age was 5.24 (1.53-13.17) years old. The expression level of HER2 in E/R-positive ALL patients were lower than that in controls (P<0.05). Although the difference of HER2 expression level between the 2 groups failed to achieve statistical significance, the expression level of HER2 in relapse patients were significantly lower than that in non-relapse patients, and the HER2 expression in HR group patients were lower than that in SR and IR groups. In addition, there was no significant correlation between the expression level of HER2 and the sex, age, initial white blood cell count, blast cell percentage and the level of LDH (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The expression level of HER2 in E/R ALL patients is lower than that in controls, and in relapse group lower than that in non-relapse patient. Thus, HER2 may play important roles in the pathogenesis and relapse mechanism of pediatric E/R-positive ALL patients.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit , Flow Cytometry , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma , Prognosis , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets , Receptor, ErbB-2 , Recurrence , Repressor ProteinsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of clonal evolution after immunosuppressive therapy (IST) in children with severe/very severe aplastic anemia (SAA/VSAA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 231 children with newly-diagnosed SAA/VSAA who received IST were retrospectively studied. The incidence and risk factors of clonal evolution after IST were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 5-year overall survival rate of the 231 patients was 82.7%. Except for 18 cases of early deaths, 213 patients were evaluated for IST efficacy. Among the 231 patients, cytogenetic abnormalities for at least two chromosome metaphase were detectable in 14 (7.4%) patients, and PNH clones were detectable in either peripheral red blood cells or neutrophils for 95 patients. Among the 213 patients evaluated for IST efficacy, 15 patients experienced clonal evolution after IST. Five patients had PNH and trisomy 8 which were defined as favorable progressions, and ten patients experienced monosomy 7 and MDS/AML as unfavorable progressions. The 5-year accumulative incidence of favorable and unfavorable progression were (2.2±2.2)% and (4.8±3.3)%, respectively. Until the last follow-up, 100% (5/5) of patients with favorable progressions and 50% (5/10) of patients with unfavorable progressions survived. WBC>3.5×10/L, CD3T cell percentage>80%, dosage of antithymocyte globulin >3.0 mg/(kg·d) and no response to IST were related to unfavorable progressions by univariate analysis. Cox multivariate analysis revealed that an increased CD3T cell percentage (>80%) and no response to IST were independent risk factors for unfavorable progressions.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The children with SAA/VSAA who have an increased CD3T cell percentage at diagnosis or have no response to IST are in high risks of unfavorable progressions.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Anemia, Aplastic , Drug Therapy , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , Mortality , Chromosome Aberrations , Clonal Evolution , Immunosuppressive Agents , Therapeutic Uses , Proportional Hazards Models , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Proteasome subunits (PSMB) and transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) loci are located in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) Class II region play important roles in immune response and protein degradation in neurodegenerative diseases. This study aimed to explore the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PSMB and TAP and Parkinson's disease (PD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A case-control study was conducted by genotyping SNPs in PSMB8, PSMB9, TAP1, and TAP2 genes in the Chinese population. Subjects included 542 sporadic patients with PD and 674 healthy controls. Nine identified SNPs in PSMB8, PSMB9, TAP1, and TAP2 were genotyped through SNaPshot testing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The stratified analysis of rs17587 was specially performed on gender. Data revealed that female patients carry a higher frequency of rs17587-G/G versus (A/A + G/A) compared with controls. But there was no significant difference with respect to the genotypic frequencies of the SNPs in PSMB8, TAP1, and TAP2 loci in PD patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Chinese females carrying the rs17587-G/G genotype in PSMB9 may increase a higher risk for PD, but no linkage was found between other SNPs in HLA Class II region and PD.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 2 , Genetics , ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 3 , Genetics , Antigen Presentation , Case-Control Studies , Cysteine Endopeptidases , Genetics , Parkinson Disease , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex , GeneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Nurr1 plays an essential role in the development, survival, and function maintenance of midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons, and it is a potential target for Parkinson's disease (PD). Nurr1 mRNA can be detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), but whether there is any association of altered Nurr1 expression in PBMC with the disease and DA drug treatments remains elusive. This study aimed to measure the Nurr1 mRNA level in PBMC and evaluate the effect of Nurr1 expression by DA agents in vivo and in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The mRNA levels of Nurr1 in PBMC of four subgroups of 362 PD patients and 193 healthy controls (HCs) using real-time polymerase chain reaction were measured. The nonparametric Mann-Whitney U-test and Kruskal-Wallis test were performed to evaluate the differences between PD and HC, as well as the subgroups of PD. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the independent association of Nurr1 expression with Hoehn and Yahr scale, age, and drug treatments. Besides, the Nurr1 expression in cultured PBMC was measured to determine whether DA agonist pramipexole affects its mRNA level.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The relative Nurr1 mRNA levels in DA agonists treated subgroup were significant higher than those in recent-onset cases without any anti-PD treatments (de novo) (P < 0.001) and HC groups (P < 0.010), respectively. Furthermore, the increase in Nurr1 mRNA expression was seen in DA agonist and L-dopa group. Multivariate linear regression showed DA agonists, L-dopa, and DA agonists were independent predictors correlated with Nurr1 mRNA expression level in PBMC. In vitro, in the cultured PBMC treated with 10 μmol/L pramipexole, the Nurr1 mRNA levels were significantly increased by 99.61%, 71.75%, 73.16% in 2, 4, and 8 h, respectively (P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>DA agonists can induce Nurr1 expression in PBMC, and such effect may contribute to DA agonists-mediated neuroprotection on DA neurons.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Dopamine Agonists , Therapeutic Uses , Leukocytes, Mononuclear , Metabolism , Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2 , Genetics , Parkinson Disease , Drug Therapy , Genetics , RNA, Messenger , GeneticsABSTRACT
The clonal blood disorder, such as polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis belong to the BCR-ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms(MPN) and are specified by increased production of terminally differentiated myeloid cells. Abnormal expression and activities of a number of proinflammatory cytokines are associated with MPN, in which immune dysregulation is pronounced as evidenced by the dysregulation of several immune and inflammation genes. It is becoming increasingly clear that the dysregulation of cytokine levels contributes to the pathophysiology of MPN and they are prognostic indicators. In this review, the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of MPN, the clinical relevance of cytokines with MPN, current therapies and the combination with the new treatments targeting cytokines are summarized.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bone Marrow Neoplasms , Cytokines , Myeloproliferative Disorders , PrognosisABSTRACT
This study was aimed to explore the JAK2V617F mutation and TNF-α expression in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN), and the relation between them so as to provide theoretical basis for clinical practice and target therapy. Sixty-two confirmed BCR-ABL-negative MPN patients and 15 healthy adults were enrolled in this study. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the patients and healthy controls were divided into two parts, one part was used to extract DNA, the other one was used to extract mRNA and reverse-transcribe into cDNA. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect JAK2V617F mutation proportion and the expression level of TNF-α. The results showed that the positive rate of JAK2V617F mutation in MPN patients was 64.52% (40/62) , including 54.28% in essential thrombocythemia (ET) patients (19/35), 94.74% in polycythemia vera (PV) patients (18/19) and 37.50% in myelofibrosis (MF) (3/8) patients. Mutation proportions of JAK2V617F in ET, PV and MF patients were 0.838 ± 0.419, 4.417 ± 0.658, 2.746 ± 2.009 respectively. The expression of TNF-α in ET, PV and MF patients were higher than that in healthy controls: 1.7, 7.0, 8.2-fold (P < 0.05) respectively. In addition, TNF-α expression was correlated with JAK2V617F allele burden (Pearson r = 0.610,R(2) = 0.372,P = 0.005). It is concluded that TNF-α plays an important role in the pathogenesis of MPN, the TNF-α expression increases and is different in ET,PV and MF patients,which correlates with JAK2V617F allele burden.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Case-Control Studies , Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl , Genetics , Janus Kinase 2 , Genetics , Mutation , Myeloproliferative Disorders , Genetics , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Uric acid (UA) is suspected to play a neuro-protective role in Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aimed to evaluate whether the serum UA level was associated with the disease progression of PD in a relatively large population of Chinese patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Serum UA levels were measured from 411 Chinese PD patients and 396 age-matched controls; following the uric acid colorimetric method, the serum creatinine (Scr) levels were also measured to reduce the bias caused by possible differences in renal excretion function. The disease progression was scored by Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) scales and disease durations; PD group was divided into 3 subgroups according to H&Y scales. Independent-samples t test was performed to analyze the differences between PD group and control group. Multiple analysis of covariance was performed to analyze the differences between PD subgroups. Spearman rank-correlation was performed to evaluate the associations between serum UA or Scr level and disease progression.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>PD patients were found to have significantly lower levels of serum UA than controls ((243.38 ± 78.91) vs. (282.97 ± 90.80) µmol/L, P < 0.01). As the disease progression, the serum UA levels were gradually reduced. There was a significantly inverse correlation of UA levels with H&Y scales (Rs = -0.429, P < 0.01) and disease duration (Rs = -0.284, P < 0.01) in PD patients of both females and males. No significant difference of the Scr level between PD patients and controls was found ((70.01 ± 14.70) vs. (69.84 ± 16.46) µmol/L), and the Scr level was not involved in disease progression.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Lower serum UA levels may possess a higher risk of PD, which may be a potential useful biomarker to indicate the progression of PD.</p>